Guidelines on the management of tuberculosis and HIV infection in the United Kingdom. Subcommittee of the Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society.

Increases in the incidence of tuberculosis attributed to the HIV epidemic have been reported from the United States and several countries in Africa. 1-3 These increases have occurred particularly in groups who are at high risk of both infections. There is evidence from the United States that the disease is often due to reactivation of latent infection, and it has been estimated that up to 30% ofpeople with previous tuberculous infection may develop clinical tuberculosis if they become infected with HIV.4 A slight increase in the number of notifications of tuberculosis in England and Wales has recently been observed, but there is no evidence that this is related to HIV.s Tuberculosis often develops before other HIV related disease and is more often extrapulmonary than in the HIV negative patients, commonly affecting lymph nodes or being disseminated. Pulmonary lesions may be less often cavitated, but