Landscape classification using GIS and national digital databases

The classification of visual landscape character is needed in order for landscape researchers to have a frame of reference for communicating and comparing their research. Yet, classification is difficult because of the complex nature of landscapes and because it must be explicit. GIS and national digital databases can be used to classify the important characteristics of landscapes and this is illustrated on a transect of the South Island of New Zealand. An automated classification process that incorporates the combination and generalized nature of landscapes is described. An important analysis function that enables GIS to classify landscapes is the focal neighbourhood function. This, in effect, analyses the study area from thousands of different points and considers the neighbourhood surrounding each point. The validity of the resulting classification is assessed using a set of specific landscape classification criteria and more general classification criteria. Once a classification has been developed, GIS can be used to determine uniqueness and variety and this is demonstrated.