Crossovers from easy-plane to perpendicular anisotropy have been observed in numerous magnetic bilayers comprised of thin Co or Fe layers covered with transition or noble metals. We show that spatial fluctuations in the thickness of the magnetic or non-magnetic layers amounting to one atomic monolayer can give rise to a canted anisotropy. Phenomenologically, this anisotropy is expressed via a 45° anisotropy term - K 45° sin 2 (2θ) which is present in addition to the usual uniaxial anisotropy.
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Diény et al. (1994) studied this question.
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