A high-resolution energy analyser of the spherical condenser type with variable predeceleration is described. The optimization of the resolution over a broad energy band while maintaining total transmission is discussed. Furthermore, following the study of the properties of a twin-tube lens, a decelerating system is proposed which makes use of only three lenses polarized by means of voltage dividers. Measurements of the performances of such an ion spectrometer for surface analysis are presented.
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Bertrand et al. (1977) studied this question.
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