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A very intense electron plasma wave is resonantly excited at the top of a broad, flat density profile, by a longitudinal very-high-frequency electric field oscillating at the plasma frequency. Electric field energy densities W=E ̃ \~{}{} ²/4{π}nc{T}ₑ$>${10}³$ are produced, along with copious electrons and ions of kinetic energy K>${10}³Tₑ. Reconstruction of the wave, from detailed measurements of electric field amplitude and phase, demonstrates wave breaking and accounts for the observed energetic particles.
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Bauer et al. (1992) studied this question.
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