Each year as many as 90,000 patients die from facility-acquired infections. Data indicate up to 70% of acquired infections are antibiotic resistant. Hands are the most common routes for transmission of infections. Efforts to improve hand hygiene involve more than the duration of hand washing--they should address disinfectants used, fingernail cleanliness, jewelry worn, and shirtsleeve length. Several low-cost interventions help minimize the spread of infections; alcohol-based handrubs are especially effective. Organizational improvement programs should address hand hygiene compliance.
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Guido R. Zanni (2008) studied this question.
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