In this brief report, we describe a previous healthy 52-year-old man who presented with a 4-year progressive cognitive decline. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid immunoassays confirmed the diagnosis of neurosyphilis and neuroborreliosis; he also tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus. Treatment with aqueous penicillin G and antiretroviral therapy resulted in excellent outcome.
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Chen et al. (2014) studied this question.
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