Optical traps use the forces exerted by structured beams of light to confine and manipulate microscopic objects in three dimensions. A popular implementation involves structuring the trap-forming beam with computer-generated holograms before focusing it into traps with a high-numerical-aperture optical train. Here, we present a fully vectorial theory for the forces and torques exerted by such systems.
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Sun et al. (2008) studied this question.
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