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Simultaneous measurements of ion-acoustic-wave potential and accompanying plasma density perturbation show that the two ratios, eV1/kTe and n1/n0, which are related theoretically by γe, are ≪1 and are equal within the limits of experimental error. Thus, these waves are highly linear and γe is experimentally equal to 1.
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Doucet et al. (1968) studied this question.
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