Digital-based Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Interventions for Postpartum Women: An Integrative Review

Purpose: This integrative review aimed to examine the characteristics and effects of digital-based pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) interventions for postpartum women and to identify the core components of effective digital PFMT programs. Methods: An integrative review was conducted in accordance with the Whittemore and Knafl framework. Literature published between January 2010 and October 2025 was systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, DBpia, RISS, and KISS using predefined keywords. Of the 72 studies initially identified, six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Data were extracted on study design, participant characteristics, intervention type, digital platform, and outcome measures. Results: Mobile applications were the most commonly used intervention platform, followed by telehealth services, video-based programs, and reminder systems. Core intervention components included exercise guidance, postpartum education, reminder functions, feedback mechanisms, and self-monitoring features. Most studies reported significant improvements in urinary incontinence symptoms and pelvic floor muscle strength. Improvements in self-efficacy and adherence were particularly evident in interventions incorporating feedback or interactive components. However, all included studies were conducted outside Korea, and most focused on short-term outcomes. Conclusion: Digital-based PFMT appears to be an effective and accessible intervention for postpartum women. Future research should focus on developing culturally tailored digital PFMT programs for Korean women and evaluating their long-term effectiveness, particularly the role of individualized and interactive feedback features.