As a consequence of the roleplayed by agricultural pioneering in peripheral areas of Jewish settlement in Israel prior to 1948, a mythical landscape has evolved in which small development towns and collective villages transform a desert environment. In reality, the majority of the population lives in the three metropolitan areas of Tel-Aviv, Haifa and Jerusalem, the collective village is no longer dominant numerically nor is it a pioneering agricultural settlement and the call to make the desert bloom no longer serves as a rallying cry for Israeli society, Because of the ethnocentric beliefs in the uniqueness of Israel's achievements and destiny, the reality has been slow in gaining recognition both within Israel and outside, with negative consequences for Israel's development.
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Stanley Waterman (1979) studied this question.