Coupled methods for 3D coupled problems: 10 years of experiments in MHD

In the simulation of MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) devices, three partial differential equations are coupled: Maxwell, Navier-Stokes, and heat transfer equations. Finite volume, finite element, and integral methods have been used and coupled in order to model several industrial devices. Three-dimensional characteristic applications are detailed, and the coupling techniques are discussed.>