A convenient new procedure is described for both inter- and intramolecular homocoupling of aryl halides (Ullmann reaction) using catalytic palladium in the presence of hydroquinone, a homogeneous reductant. Optimal conditions for the reductive coupling include the use of a 1:1 molar ratio of Pd(OAc) 2 and As( o -tolyl) 3 in catalytic amounts under basic conditions.
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Hennings et al. (1999) studied this question.
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