Accurate Modeling of Monotron Oscillations in Small- and Large-Signal Regimes

In Klystron amplifiers, monotron oscillations may cause unacceptable beam instabilities. For facilitating fast and accurate analysis of such processes, rather than performing time-consuming particle-in-cell simulations, the theory of the monotron oscillations has been further developed for the small- and large-signal regimes and implemented into the klystron computer code KlyC. This development includes full considerations of the space-charge effects, relativistic effects and can operate with arbitrary field distributions of the resonant mode. The effectiveness of these methods, have been demonstrated through benchmarking against PIC codes and has shown good (at 1% level) agreement, while KlyC computation time is significantly (at least 100 times) faster than in the PIC simulations.