Degradation of liquid crystal device performance due to selective adsorption of ions

Performance degradation in liquid crystal cells was studied by analyzing the time evolution of optical and integrated current vs voltage hysteresis curves as test cells were subjected to a dc bias. We find evidence for permanent increases in liquid crystal mobile ion populations, the primary cause of device performance degradation, and suggest this permanent increase is due to selective adsorption by the alignment layers of ions of a single charge sign combined with the presence of a neutral ionizable species in the liquid crystal.