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As pulmonary rehabilitation can provide various benefits on managing the symptoms of dyspnea, alleviating dyspnea represents a major goal in pulmonary rehabilitation. Dyspnea appears not to be just a single sensation, as it includes the three sensory quality of dyspnea; work/effort, air-hunger and chest tightness. In addition to sensation of dyspnea, complex emotions including anxiety, attention and fear can involve through processing of the limbic system. Recent studies emphasized the multidimensional nature of dyspnea in the sensory-perceptual (intensity and quality), affective distress and impact domains. This review focused on the underlying mechanism of dyspnea and recent advances in assessment in pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Masashi Kanezaki (2017) studied this question.
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