Second Species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

The diminutive frogs of the genus Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae) were known only from one species in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Herein we describe a second species of Psyllophryne from coastal Sio Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from Psyllophryne didactyla mainly by the presence of a functional fifth toe. Pointed digit tips, vocal sac extending to midbelly, inferior margin of eye and anterior margin of nostril grooved, and reduction in size of fingers and number of toes are shared derived features of both Brachycephalus and Psyllophryne.