Can turbulence within the field of view cause significant biases in radiative transfer modelling at the 183 GHz band?

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

The hypothesis whether turbulence within the passive microwave sounders field of view can cause significant biases in radiative transfer modelling at the 183 GHz water vapour absorption band is tested. A novel method to calculate the effects of turbulence in radiative transfer modelling is presented. It is shown that the turbulent nature of water vapour in the atmosphere can be a critical component of radiative transfer modelling in this band. Radiative transfer simulations are performed comparing a uniform field with a turbulent one. These comparisons show frequency dependent biases which can scale up to several Kelvin in brightness temperature. These biases can match experimentally observed biases, such as the ones reported in Brogniez et al. (2016). Our simulations show that those biases could be explained as an effect of high intensity turbulence in the upper troposphere. This kind of turbulence is common in clear air turbulence, storm or cumulus cloud situations.