A general, rapid, template-free, one-step, and continuous approach have been designed to rattle-type hollow carbon spheres (M@carbon, M = multiple Sn, Pt, Ag, or Fe-FeO nanoparticles) via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions containing sodium citrate and corresponding inorganic metal salts. The route involves the following three procedures: (1) initial generation of metal nanoparticles via the reduction of corresponding metal salts with sodium citrate in the hot liquid droplets and subsequent formation of a sodium citrate outer shell due to the tendency of free sodium citrate molecules to move to the periphery of the hot liquid droplets; (2) the formation of carbon outer shell via carbonization of the sodium citrate outer shell; and (3) the production of M@carbon via removing water-soluble byproduct. The content of encapsulated nanoparticles in M@carbon can be controlled via tuning the concentration of metal salts. Due to its novel structures, Sn@carbon exhibits high capacity and good cycle performance when they were used as anode materials for lithium batteries.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Zheng et al. (2009) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: