It is shown that all canonical second-order activeRCfilters are equivalent to either gyratorRCor negative immittance converter (NIC)RCfilters, the equivalence being with respect to the capacitances. These two classes have basically different behavior. Comparisons within each class which are not confined to the detailed realization of the lossy gyrator or the lossy NIC (including the signal coupling into and out of the filter) are thus beside the point.
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W.H. Holmes (1971) studied this question.
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