Theorem relating a class of op.-amp. and current conveyor circuits

The generation of active circuits using the second-generation current conveyor (CCII) as the active building block instead of the operational amplifier can be easily achieved in some cases. A useful theorem which illustrates this conversion method and identifies the class of circuits that can be converted by replacing the op.-amp. by a CCII is given. Applications of the theorem to realize differential voltage amplifiers, first-order transfer functions and the generation of two integrator loop filters using CCII are given.