Policy analysis reveals uneven ocean integration across global environmental frameworks, highlighting the need for a unified ocean agenda to meet Rio Convention targets.
Climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation are interconnected challenges requiring ocean-based solutions. However, the Rio Conventions on climate change, biodiversity, and land degradation have advanced unevenly in their engagement with the ocean. We present scientific and policy rationales for positioning the ocean as a unifying agenda to advance the Rio Conventions and offer a conceptual framework to meet the goals of the Conventions and increase synergies across them.
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Geddes et al. (2026) studied this question.
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