Electromagnetic Condensation and Topological Defects in Atmospheric Electricity: A Unified Free-Energy Theory of Lightning

Atanas Georgiev Aleksandrov

doi:10.5281/zenodo.21990529

August 18, 2026Open Access

Electromagnetic Condensation and Topological Defects in Atmospheric Electricity: A Unified Free-Energy Theory of Lightning

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Key Points

To develop a unified thermodynamic free-energy framework that accounts for atmospheric electricity phenomena and lightning formation.
Formulated a mathematical model based on free-energy minimization and field theory principles.
Analyzed electromagnetic condensation behaviors and topological defect dynamics in atmospheric electrical fields.
Established the Universal Condensation Principle as a foundational mechanism governing atmospheric electrical charge concentration.
Demonstrated that lightning discharges can be characterized as topological defects emerging from electromagnetic free-energy phase transitions.

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Implication

Theoretical analysis reveals a universal condensation principle in atmospheric electricity, suggesting that topological defects govern lightning discharge mechanisms.

Abstract

Universal Condensation Principle

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Atanas Georgiev Aleksandrov (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a86b5ff8a91293e6a1cd9b6 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21990529

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Electromagnetic Condensation and Topological Defects in Atmospheric Electricity: A Unified Free-Energy Theory of Lightning

Key Points

No abstract yet

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Electromagnetic Condensation and Topological Defects in Atmospheric Electricity: A Unified Free-Energy Theory of Lightning

Key Points

No abstract yet

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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