A summary of the guidance relating to four lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke

Background: Stroke is a major cause of mortality, disability and family disruption; yet prevalence continues to rise despite advances in prevention and treatment. Many risk factors for stroke are modifiable, including life style behaviours, i.e. tobacco and alcohol use, diet and physical activity. Patterns that influence lifestyle behaviour are believed to be embedded in family life. Primary and secondary prevention of stroke are important health promotion issues. Objective: To summarize government recommendations and contemporary evidence-based guidelines regarding four lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke. Methods: Structured review methods were used. Conclusions: Modifiable lifestyle risk factors for stroke and recurrent stroke have been identified and brief interventions are known to be cost effective health promotion tools. However, very few studies have tested the effectiveness of behavioural interventions designed to address lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke and none have tested the effectiveness of family-centred behavioural interventions. Recommendations for education, practice and research are presented.