We extend and generalize the notion of ensemble averaging in the context of the thermodynamics of mesoscopic systems. Two important factors determine the statistical ensemble: (i) Constraints imposed on the system as external fields are varied adiabatically; (ii) the initial preparation of the ensemble. Different procedures correspond to different experimental setups, and may result in different magnitude, sign, and Aharonov-Bohm periodicity of the quantity at hand. Adiabatic dynamical response is related to one of these static averaging procedures.
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Kamenev et al. (1993) studied this question.
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