A paper-and-pencil test of seven of Inhelder and Piaget's formal operational schemes was developed. This objective assessment of formal operational thought was cross-validated clinically. The multitrait-multimethod procedures indicated that the objective test is a valid and reliable measure of formal operational thought. It has the advantage of being administered in large groups, of being easily scored, and of not requiring special training for its administration.
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Patricia Kennedy Arlin (1982) studied this question.
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