Penetrative convection in magnetic nanofluids via internal heating

The penetrative convection induced by purely internal heating in a thin magnetic nanofluid layer is investigated within the framework of linear stability theory. The model used incorporates the effect of Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and magnetophoresis. The Chebyshev Pseudospectral method is employed to solve the eigenvalue problem. The results are discussed for three types of boundary conditions viz. Rigid–Rigid, Rigid–Free, and Free–Free, for water and ester based magnetic nanofluids. The effect of the important parameters on the stability of the system has been analyzed at the onset of penetrative convection.