A review of bicycle-sharing service planning problems

This paper reviews and systematically classifies the existing literature of bicycle-sharing service planning problems (BSPPs) at strategic, tactical, and operational decision levels with the reference to the novel bicycle sharing service planning process introduced herein. The current research gaps are identified and discussed. The future research directions of the three decision level problems are proposed according to four main categories, namely new diversity, realism, integrality, and technology. This review also points out important future research directions for multi-level BSPPs and the integration of bicycle sharing systems with existing multi-modal transportation systems.