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The signal ambiguity function is derived and analyzed for radar (sonar) systems employing array antennas. It is shown that angle resolution is essentially independent of range-Doppler resolution in the main antenna beam and that the antenna directivity function can have a strong effect on waveform design. It is also shown that angle ambiguity is appreciably influenced by signal bandwidth; in particular, signal bandwidth can be traded for a reduction in angle ambiguity in an array whose element spacing is greater than one-half wavelength.
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DiFranco et al. (1965) studied this question.
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