Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the C 1s line of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite reveals two components separated by 194±6 meV, with markedly different asymmetry parameters and natural linewidth. Analysis of the intensity of these peaks as a function of angle demonstrates that the higher binding-energy peak is associated with the outermost graphite layer(s). The conflicting core-level photoemission data from graphite in the literature are addressed in light of these measurements.
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Michael Hunt (2008) studied this question.