An Evaluation of Routine Cytological Examination of the Urine

SUMMARY The results of cytological examination of the urine in a series which includes malignant and benign lesions of the uro‐epithelium are reported. The technique used is described and the cytological findings compared with the histology. It is concluded that routine cytological examination of the urine, particularly in patients who have had hæmaturia, is a valuable additional diagnostic aid. Earlier diagnosis may be made in cases of malignant disease of the renal pelvis, ureter and bladder diverticulum. Less success has been obtained in the detection of recurrence in the follow‐up of treated cases of malignant disease of the bladder in this series.