Positive−ion−induced Kossel lines in copper

Proton beams have been used to generate Kossel lines in single crystals of copper by the excitation of characteristic radiation at atomic sites inside the crystals. The observed lines exhibit a fine structure similar to lines previously generated using incident electrons and x rays. A key advantage of the positive−ion technique is that the bremsstrahlung background associated with the electron generation of Kossel lines is eliminated. The possible application of the positive−ion technique to impurity lattice location is discussed.