Huber P. and Nowotny K. Moving across borders: who is willing to migrate or commute?, Regional Studies. The willingness to commute and migrate across borders is analysed by focusing on the differences in the effects of individual characteristics on migration and commuting propensities. By applying a multinomial probit regression using individual-level survey data on migration and commuting intentions, considerable differences are found between potential cross-border commuters and migrants. Variables measuring the indirect costs of mobility have a smaller impact and gender differences as well as deprivation have a larger impact on the willingness to commute than on the willingness to migrate across borders. In addition, there is evidence of non-linearities in the effects of various variables.
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Huber et al. (2011) studied this question.
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