The properties and motions of the mercury arc cathode spot are calculated on the basic assumptions: (1) that the current density is 10⁵ amp/cm², with positive ion component 1/20; (2) that the spot is made up of a number of small "emitting areas," of current density 10⁷ amp/cm² moving randomly within the spot. It is shown that these assumptions lead to explanations of the mechanism of emission ("field" emission); retrograde motion, both "turning points" and velocity; pressure on the spot; and evaporation from the spot; in good agreement with experimental values.
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Albert W. Hull (1962) studied this question.
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