The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the effect of the counselor active rehabilitation service (CARS) counseling model compared to standard rehabilitation counseling in reducing the degree of hopelessness experienced by individuals with dual diagnosis disorders. This study involved 50 participants diagnosed with dual diagnosis disorder who were randomly assigned to either a control or experimental group, with the intervention being the CARS counseling model. Results indicate a significant positive effect for the treatment intervention.
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Ferdinandi et al. (2008) studied this question.
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