Studies of ion emission from nanostructured metallic surfaces excited by intense (0.5–6.3×1016Wcm−2) 50fs laser demonstrate that “hotter” electrons need not to give rise hotter ions, contrary to conventional expectation. Such surfaces produce twice as many ions as planar surfaces in the moderate energy regime (16–75keV), but their yield in the higher energy range (75–2000keV) is substantially lower. Surface modulations also influence ion beam divergence.
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Bagchi et al. (2007) studied this question.
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