This paper presents a compact antenna based on two different metamaterial resonators, the E-shape resonators and the interdigital resonators, suitable for biomedical implant applications. The proposed antennas operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands in the frequency band of 2.4–2.5 GHz. The integration of metamaterial (MTM) into the design led to the reduced size of these antennas and gaining enhancement. The overall size of the proposed antennas is 8× 7× 1.27mm³ . The implantable antennas contain two layers of the substrate; the lower layer comprises the MTM resonators and the upper, superstrate layer. The antennas are designed and simulated by the software simulator HFSS. To study the performance of the proposed antennas, the reflection coefficient and gain are determined. In order to observe the exposure of electromagnetic energy to human tissues, the specific absorption rates (SARs) of the proposed antennas are also calculated in the layer model. The results of the proposed antennas are acceptable and suitable for biomedical applications and human body safety through the values obtained from SARs.
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Saidi et al. (2022) studied this question.