The fundamental plasma parameters of electron temperature (Te), and effective charge (Zeff) are measured simultaneously for the first time during a tokamak major disruption. The measurement of Te and Zeff is critical in understanding disruption behavior, since together they define both the plasma’s resistivity and ionization/energy balance. The measurement technique, which uses extreme ultraviolet (XUV) helium recombination radiation, is described and validated self-consistently by spectroscopy and other diagnostics on the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159].
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Whyte et al. (2000) studied this question.