X-ray line diagnostics on the Tore Supra tokamak

We describe a multi-crystal, high-resolution, fully remote-controlled, absolutely calibrated, Johann-type spectrometer for the 1–4 Å region. Spectra from the helium- and lithium-like charge states of impurity elements from Ar to Cu are analyzed by least-squares fitting of synthetic spectra. The intrinsic impurity elements Cr and Fe are used for a routine, time-resolved, hands-off diagnostic for electron and ion temperatures, and for toroidal rotation velocities. Impurity densities are obtained from absolute line intensities. Injection of Ar, Ti, Mn, and Ni, is used for transport studies. We have also obtained the precise wavelengths of transitions in neon-like and near-neon-like charge states of Pd and Ag, which are of much interest in atomic physics.