Intraoperative graft patency validation: Friend or foe?

It is estimated that 3% to 5% of internal thoracic artery (ITA) and 20% of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) fail at 1 year, frequently attributed to technical issues.1 The PREVENT IV (Project of Ex-vivo Vein Graft Engineering via Transfection) trial reported a 30% vein graft failure rate at 1 year, most without a major adverse cardiac event.2