We have developed an accurate method for measuring the complex propagation constant and characteristic impedance of transmission lines embedded in multilayer printed circuit boards. It is based on mathematical error-removal schemes using two different length transmission lines and an advanced via-hole structure that minimizes coupling. Consequently, associated errors, due to discontinuities and interference can be effectively eliminated, and the frequency dependencies of the transmission line parameters can be clarified in wide frequency bandwidths. We verified the validity of this method in frequency ranges up to at least 18 GHz, by comparing the determined values with the theory derived from transverse electromagnetic (TEM) approximations.
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Narita et al. (2006) studied this question.
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