Vibrational properties of graphene and graphene layers

The phonon dispersions of graphene and graphene layers are theoretically investigated within fifth‐nearest‐neighbor force‐constant approach. Based on their symmetry groups, the number of Raman‐ and infrared‐active modes at the Γ point is given. Interatomic force constants are recalculated by fitting them to experimental phonon energy dispersion curves. Wavenumbers of optically active modes are presented as a function of number of layers ( n ). Our calculated results reproduce well the experimental data of G peak for graphene (1587 cm −1 ) and graphite (1581.6 cm −1 ) and clearly give the relation that ω G = 1581.6 + 11/(1 + n 1.6 ).