Asthma and allergy are more common in males than in females during early childhood, but the incidence, severity, and impact on quality of life are greater in postpubertal females than in males.1,2 Female sex steroid hormones may partly explain these differences.1,2 In 2 previous systematic reviews, early menarche (<12 years) was associated with an increased asthma risk,3 whereas no significant association was found between menopause and asthma, although subgroup analyses indicated an increased risk in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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McCleary et al. (2018) studied this question.
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