We present a full-vector Maxwell equation solver for the analysis of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with circular symmetry using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We apply this model to the air-post index-guided 1.55 μm VCSEL structure, and determine the resonant wavelengths and the quality factor for selected lowest order modes. The results of this study enable quantitative and qualitative descriptions of the transverse-mode competition and emission spectra of VCSELs.
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Seurin et al. (1998) studied this question.
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