Comprehensive assessment of systemic arteriosclerosis in relation to the ocular resistive index in acute coronary syndrome patients

Figures

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  Figure 1. Ophthalmological manifestations 13 days after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A 77-year-old male was diagnosed with AMI and underwent direct angioplasty 3.5 h after the first episode of severe chest pain. A cotton wool spot (arrow) appeared adjacent to the right optic disc 13 days after AMI. The patient visual acuity was 20/20, and there were no ocular symptoms. The mean ocular blur rate, resistivity index, and blowout time, parameters assessed by laser speckle flowgraphy, were 13.7, 0.58, and 44.1, respectively.

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  Figure 2. Correlations between resistivity index and intima-media thickness (IMT) (A), Brachia-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV) (B), and early diastolic velocity to early diastolic myocardial velocity (E/e’) ratio (D). Also shown are the correlations between blowout time and baPWV (C). The mean RI was positively correlated with the mean IMT (r = 0.34, P = 0.015; A), baPWV (r = 0.41, P = 0.002; B) and the E/e’ ratio (r = 0.34, P = 0.013; D). The mean BOT was negatively correlated with the mean baPWV (r = −0.44, P = 0.001; C).

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  Figure 3. Correlation between the resistivity index and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (A), cystatin C (B), Urinary β2 microglobulin (C), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) (D). The mean RI was positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN; r = 0.27, P = 0.047; A), cystatin C (r = 0.32, P = 0.020; B), urinary β2 microglobulin (U-β2MG, r = 0.30, P = 0.029; C), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP; r = 0.28, P = 0.046; D).

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  Figure 4. A comparison of the resistivity index (left panels) and blowout time (right panels) between patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and controls in each age category divided by male and female sex. The mean ocular RI was higher in the male ACS patients than in the control male subjects in the 40 to 49 years (0.37 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and 50 to 59 years (0.36 ± 0.02 vs. 0.30 ± 0.01, P = 0.01) , while BOT was not different among age categories regardless of sex.

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  Figure 5. Methods of determining the pulse-wave velocity in the optic nerve head circulation by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). The left panel shows a circle defining the area for measurements in the optic disc area. The right panel shows the normalization of one pulse. A = maximum mean blur rate (MBR)—minimum MBR. B = number of frames spent at one-half the value of A. C = number of frames spent at normalized one pulse.