Voltage equalization control algorithm for monitoring and balancing of series connected lithium-ion battery

Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries are commonly used as automobile energy storage systems for powering applications due to their lucrative features. However, a battery management system with individual cell monitoring and balancing of Li-Ion batteries for long use and casualties' protection are still major issues in electric vehicle applications. This paper deals with the development of a voltage equalization control algorithm for individual cell monitoring and balancing of series connected Li-Ion battery cells. The developed states and sequences of the control algorithm manage the whole processes of battery cell monitoring, charging, and discharging, respectively. A charge equalization model is implemented with series connected 10 Li-Ion battery cells utilizing the developed control algorithm. Results show that charging and discharging, and cell balancing performance of the control algorithm are capable of quickly responding to reach the state of charge difference of 2.5% among all cells, defending the existing anomaly, providing tolerable stress to components and operating at a higher efficiency of 84.9%.