This paper presents scientific basis for establishing safety evacuation countermeasures, i.e., evacuation plans and escape signs etc., in case of fire in Japan. Especially issues of physical and physiological effects of fire smoke on evacuees are addressed. This paper consists of three headings, in order of my research life: 1) visibility, 2) characteristics of human behavior, and 3) development of an "Intensive System for Escape Guidance" in fire smoke.
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T. Jin (1997) studied this question.
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