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Electrostatic glue: Chiral anionic molecular squares are generated by linking four spiro-biscatecholate ligands with boron centers. Through ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding, substituted ammonium ions facilitate the stacking of the anionic squares into infinite nanotubes (see picture; green B, black C, blue N, red O).
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Abrahams et al. (2005) studied this question.
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