Summary The brainstem reticular formation (BRF) is important in generalized tonic–clonic convulsive seizures (GTCS). Audiogenic kindling (AK) in genetically epilepsy‐prone rats (GEPR‐9s) induces seizures closely mimicking GTCS. Unkindled GEPR‐9 seizure network requires only brainstem nuclei. After AK, the seizure network permanently expands into forebrain, involving N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor–mediated cAMP changes in amygdala. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books ).
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Carl L. Faingold (2010) studied this question.
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