Tailoring plasmonic effects in organic solar cells through dielectric core–shell nanoengineering

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant interest for their lightweight, flexible, and low-cost properties; however, their commercial viability remains constrained by suboptimal light absorption, limited exciton diffusion lengths, and poor long-term stability. Au TiO2 provides the highest fill factor (FF), indicating superior charge extraction due to effective interfacial alignment, while TiN ZnO extends absorption into the near-infrared and offers the best thermal stability, retaining 92% of its original PCE after 1000 h of accelerated aging. Field simulation analyses reveal that shell thickness directly modulates near-field localization and recombination dynamics, with optimal suppression achieved at 15–18 nm.